CLOVIS AND PRE_CLOVIS SOURCES

 LOOK, Sources!  Sources about Clovis AND Pre-Clovis!  Sources created by Archaeologists!  

https://www.thoughtco.com/pre-clovis-sites-americas-173079

Marshall, E. (1990). Clovis Counterrevolution. Science, 249(4970), 738-741. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2878070

Hamilton, M., & Buchanan, B. (2007). Spatial Gradients in Clovis-Age Radiocarbon Dates across North America Suggest Rapid Colonization from the North. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(40), 15625-15630. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25449189

Lopinot, Neal H., and Jack H. Ray. “Trampling Experiments in the Search for the Earliest Americans.” American Antiquity, vol. 72, no. 4, 2007, pp. 771–782. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25470445

Kornfeld, M., & Huckell, B. (Eds.). (2016). Stones, Bones, and Profiles: Exploring Archaeological Context, Early American Hunter-Gatherers, and Bison. Boulder: University Press of Colorado. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ch764r

Jennings, T., & Waters, M. (2014). PRE-CLOVIS LITHIC TECHNOLOGY AT THE DEBRA L. FRIEDKIN SITE, TEXAS: COMPARISONS TO CLOVIS THROUGH SITE-LEVEL BEHAVIOR, TECHNOLOGICAL TRAIT-LIST, AND CLADISTIC ANALYSES. American Antiquity, 79(1), 25-44. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24712725

Hockett, Bryan, and Dennis L. Jenkins. “IDENTIFYING STONE TOOL CUT MARKS AND THE PRE-CLOVIS OCCUPATION OF THE PAISLEY CAVES.” American Antiquity, vol. 78, no. 4, 2013, pp. 762–778. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43184972

LAWLER, A. (2011). Pre-Clovis Mastodon Hunters Make a Point. Science, 334(6054), 302-302. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23059322

Whitley, David S., and Ronald I. Dorn. “New Perspectives on the Clovis vs. Pre-Clovis Controversy.” American Antiquity, vol. 58, no. 4, 1993, pp. 626–647. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/282199

Cinq-Mars, J. (1979). Bluefish Cave l: A Late Pleistocene Eastern Beringian Cave Deposit in the Northern Yukon. Canadian Journal of Archaeology / Journal Canadien D’Archéologie, (3), 1-32. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41102194

Goebel, T., Waters, M., & O'Rourke, D. (2008). The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas. Science, 319(5869), 1497-1502. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20053578

Holen, S., Harington, C., & Holen, K. (2017). New Radiocarbon Ages on Percussion-Fractured and Flaked Proboscidean Limb Bones from Yukon, Canada. Arctic, 70(2), 141-150. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/26379757

KELLY, R. (1999). HUNTER-GATHERER FORAGING AND COLONIZATION OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE. Anthropologie (1962-), 37(2), 143-153. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/26294792

Whitley, David S., and Ronald I. Dorn. “New Perspectives on the Clovis vs. Pre-Clovis Controversy.” American Antiquity, vol. 58, no. 4, 1993, pp. 626–647. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/282199

Stokstad, E. (2000). 'Pre-Clovis' Site Fights for Recognition. Science, 288(5464), 247-247. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3075127

Waters, M., Forman, S., Jennings, T., Nordt, L., Driese, S., Feinberg, J., . . . Wiederhold, J. (2011). The Buttermilk Creek Complex and the Origins of Clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas. Science, 331(6024), 1599-1603. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/29783932

Fiedel, Stuart J. “Older Than We Thought: Implications of Corrected Dates for Paleoindians.” American Antiquity, vol. 64, no. 1, 1999, pp. 95–115. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2694348

Younie, A., & Gillispie, T. (2016). Lithic Technology at Linda's Point, Healy Lake, Alaska. Arctic, 69(1), 79-98. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43871400

Bamforth, D. (1999). Theory and Inference in Plains Archaeology. Plains Anthropologist, 44(169), 209-229. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25669607

Davis, Loren G., et al. “CONTEXT, PROVENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF A WESTERN STEMMED TRADITION ARTIFACT CACHE FROM THE COOPER'S FERRY SITE, IDAHO.” American Antiquity, vol. 79, no. 4, 2014, pp. 596–615. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43184940

Davis, Loren G., et al. “MORPHOMETRIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF WESTERN STEMMED TRADITION PROJECTILE POINTS REVEALED IN A SECOND ARTIFACT CACHE FROM THE COOPER’S FERRY SITE, IDAHO.” American Antiquity, vol. 82, no. 3, 2017, pp. 536–557. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26585450

Stuart J. Fiedel. “Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)?” Human Biology, vol. 86, no. 1, 2014, pp. 69–74. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.13110/humanbiology.86.1.0069

Waters, M., & Stafford, T. (2007). Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for the Peopling of the Americas. Science, 315(5815), 1122-1126. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20039062

GIBBONS, A. (2014). New Sites Bring the Earliest Americans Out of the Shadows. Science, 344(6184), new series, 567-568. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24743841

Falk, T. (2004). Wisconsin Dig Seeks to Confirm Pre-Clovis Americans. Science, 305(5684), 590-590. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3837325

Goodyear, Albert C., and Christopher R. Moore, editors. Early Human Life on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. University Press of Florida, 2018. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx079b9

PRINGLE, H. (2011). Texas Site Confirms Pre-Clovis Settlement of the Americas. Science, 331(6024), 1512-1512. Retrieved March 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/29783894

Walker, James, and David Clinnick, editors. Wild Things 2.0: Further Advances in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Research. Oxbow Books, 2019. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv138wsj2

C.F. Ardelean et al. Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, published online July 22, 2020 http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/stone-tools-chiquihuite-cave-mexico-08667.html

Steen-McIntyre, V., R. Fryxell and H. Malde. (1981) (1981). "Geologic Evidence for Age Deposits at Hueyatlaco Archaeological Site Valsequillo Mexico" https://web.archive.org/web/20130706123957/http://www.pleistocenecoalition.com/steen-mcintyre/Quat.Research_1981.pdf

Frison, George C., and DANNY N. WALKER. "New World palaeoecology at the Last Glacial Maximum and the implications for New World prehistory. http://www.uwyo.edu/anthropology/_files/docs/walker/30%20frison%20and%20walker%201990%20new%20world%20paleoecology.pdf

Swaminathan, N. (2014). America, in the Beginning. Archaeology, 67(5), 22-29. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24364528

Swaminathan, N., Banyasz, M., Patel, S., Zorich, Z., Woodard, J., Lobell, J., & Herbert, D. (2012). From the Trenches. Archaeology, 65(1), 9-20. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41780757

Gillespie, J. (2007). Enculturing an Unknown World: Caches and Clovis Landscape Ideology. Canadian Journal of Archaeology / Journal Canadien D’Archéologie, 31(2), 171-189. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41103299

Waters, M., Stafford, T., Kooyman, B., & Hills, L. (2015). Late Pleistocene horse and camel hunting at the southern margin of the ice-free corridor: Reassessing the age of Wally’s Beach, Canada. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(14), 4263-4267. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26462477

Prasciunas, M. (2011). MAPPING CLOVIS: PROJECTILE POINTS, BEHAVIOR, AND BIAS. American Antiquity, 76(1), 107-126. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41331876

Beck, C., & Jones, G. (2010). Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West. American Antiquity, 75(1), 81-116. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20622483

Kooyman, Brian, et al. “Identification of Horse Exploitation by Clovis Hunters Based on Protein Analysis.” American Antiquity, vol. 66, no. 4, 2001, pp. 686–691. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2694181

Sanchez, G., Holliday, V., Gaines, E., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Martínez-Tagüeña, N., Kowler, A., . . . Sanchez-Morales, I. (2014). Human (Clovis)—gomphothere (Cuvieronius sp.) association ∼13,390 calibrated yBP in Sonora, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(30), 10972-10977. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23804975

Meltzer, D. (1995). Clocking the First Americans. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 21-45. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155928

Becerra-Valdivia, Lorena, et al. “Reassessing the Chronology of the Archaeological Site of Anzick.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 115, no. 27, 2018, pp. 7000–7003. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26511056

Toner, M. (2006). Impossibly Old America? Archaeology, 59(3), 40-45. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41781474

Metcalfe, J., Longstaffe, F., Ballenger, J., & Haynes, C. (2011). Isotopic paleoecology of Clovis mammoths from Arizona. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(44), 17916-17920. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41352627

Tankersley, K., Waters, M., & Stafford, T. (2009). Clovis and the American Mastodon at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky. American Antiquity, 74(3), 558-567. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20622443

Bement, L., & Carter, B. (2010). JAKE BLUFF: CLOVIS BISON HUNTING ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS OF NORTH AMERICA. American Antiquity, 75(4), 907-933. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25766237

Early Hunters. (2011). The Science Teacher, 78(9), 30-31. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24148433

Easterla, D. (2011). Modified Paleo Bone Sharpened Digging/Pick Tools of Extinct Bison and Sabertooth Cat From Southwest Iowa. Central States Archaeological Journal, 58(3), 148-151. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43287640

Easterla, D. (2011). Modified Paleo Bone Sharpened Digging/Pick Tools of Extinct Bison and Sabertooth Cat From Southwest Iowa. Central States Archaeological Journal, 58(3), 148-151. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43287640

Fox, D. (2003). KANSAS AND EVIDENCE OF EARLY MAN. Central States Archaeological Journal, 50(3), 139-144. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43145042

Falk, T. (2004). Wisconsin Dig Seeks to Confirm Pre-Clovis Americans. Science, 305(5684), 590-590. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3837325

Murphy, P., & Murphy, A. (2010). Two Previously Unreported Fluted Points from the North Carolina Piedmont. Central States Archaeological Journal, 57(1), 12-14. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43142981

Dillehay, Tom D. “The Great Debate on the First Americans.” Anthropology Today, vol. 7, no. 4, 1991, pp. 12–13. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3033154

Henrikson, L. Suzann, et al. “FOLSOM MAMMOTH HUNTERS? THE TERMINAL PLEISTOCENE ASSEMBLAGE FROM OWL CAVE (10BV30), WASDEN SITE, IDAHO.” American Antiquity, vol. 82, no. 3, 2017, pp. 574–592. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26585452

Green, F. E. “Comments on the Report of a Worked Mammoth Tusk from the Clovis Site.” American Antiquity, vol. 57, no. 2, 1992, pp. 331–337. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/280738

Meltzer, David J., et al. “On the Pleistocene Antiquity of Monte Verde, Southern Chile.” American Antiquity, vol. 62, no. 4, 1997, pp. 659–663. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/281884

Surovell, T., Pelton, S., Anderson-Sprecher, R., & Myers, A. (2016). Test of Martin’s overkill hypothesis using radiocarbon dates on extinct megafauna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(4), 886-891. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26467505

Russell, G., & Howell, W. (1972). WHAT PRECEDED CLOVIS? Central States Archaeological Journal, 19(1), 9-13. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43143522

Scheinsohn, V. (2003). Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology in South America. Annual Review of Anthropology, 32, 339-361. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25064833

Peck, R. (2006). Clovis in the Southeast conference. Central States Archaeological Journal, 53(2), 94-95. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43144674

WILKE, P., FLENNIKEN, J., & OZBUN, T. (1991). Clovis Technology at the Anzick Site, Montana. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 13(2), 242-272. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27825463

Shaffer, Brian S., and Barry W. Baker. “How Many Epidermal Ridges per Linear Centimeter? Comments on Possible Pre-Clovis Human Friction Skin Prints from Pendejo Cave.” American Antiquity, vol. 62, no. 3, 1997, pp. 559–560. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/282173

Anderson, David G., and J. Christopher Gillam. “Paleoindian Interaction and Mating Networks: Reply to Moore and Moseley.” American Antiquity, vol. 66, no. 3, 2001, pp. 530–535. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2694251

http://www.pleistocenecoalition.com/steen-mcintyre/Quat.Research_1981.pdf

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02190-y

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02137-3

https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2011/09/25000-year-old-human-footprints-found.html

THE ASWAN EGG: A tale of a real artifact forced to do the bidding of Pseudo-science.

 

The Aswan Egg

The Aswan Egg “pseudo-artifact”  has been used as evidence that the pyramids were built “Long before” Egyptian Civilization.  Supposedly from a “7000 year old tomb”, its been heralded as “irrefutable evidence” by pseudo-scientists who have tried to use it to prove Aliens built the Pyramids, Atlantis was involved, or ‘some advanced culture’ that conveniently left NO other artifacts or material history behind.  

Well…No.  It doesn’t prove that.  The Aswan Egg DOES PROVE something though: it proves that pseudoscience and conspiracy theorists will do one or a combination of the following to push their claims:

1. Ignore the actual documented evidence of REAL artifacts, things like artifact provenience and context, and create their own ‘interpretation’  that suits the theory they are pushing. 

2. Will take all the evidence but ADD information that can’t be verified or is conveniently “Unavailable, restricted, or classified” when asked to present it.

3. Will do no research at all, and will present something completely fabricated, betting on the people who consuming this information to be either incapable, unwilling, or uninterested in doing the research to verify the ‘presented evidence’.  

The theories sell though, which is why TV continues to make shows like Ancient Aliens, and not actually something educational or informative.  

In truth though, the Aswan Egg was a grave good, found in the burial of a child that dates to the Early Dynastic Period in Egypt.  It was found during excavations of the Dakka Cemetery, which continued from Circa 1900 to 1920.  On Page 60 of the report, the burial is recorded in detail, noting context, provenience, associated artifacts, and time period of the burial based on these grave goods as well as the associated graves in the surrounding area.  The artifact is recorded CORRECTLY, not losing its context even after more than a century since it was discovered.   The photos of it ‘in-situ’ and detail photos confirm this documentation is correct.   It also shows that the egg was not found in a ‘tomb’ as presented by pseudo-scientists and theorists.   

Missing, of course, are all of the tests on the “human remains” via Carbon-14 dating that date this artifact (not the burial, just the artifact) to ‘7000 years old’.   Carbon-14 dating came about in the late 1940s, 30+ years AFTER the excavation.   No notation has been made or is evident that such a test ever happened, or that the ‘tested remains” in fact belong to the burial in question in which the Aswan Egg was discovered.  It is also curious that the egg itself has never been tested: it is Organic, which is a requirement for Carbon testing to work.  As carbon testing is a ‘destructive test’, it would be obvious that the Aswan Egg would have been damaged to acquire a sample for testing.

This is the sort of evidence that is required to validate an artifact and its age: this is why looting and souvenir hunting is so incredibly detrimental to the field of Archaeology.

SOURCES:  I have included the pseudo-science article that seems to have stemmed all of this.  It is, I think, helpful to compare, as well as see the flaws in so many conspiracy theories: a lack of fact checking.

1. Jewel’s Travel Blog.  .   https://roaming-jewel.com/2018/05/13/aswan-egg/

The actual sources:

1. Dina M. Ezz El-Din, Ostrich Eggs of Predynastic Egypt

https://jguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_2754_9a36080136c91901261c665144ee1d0d.pdf

  

2. The Archaeological Survey of Nubia, 1909-1910 vol 2.  CM Firth. Cairo, 1915

http://sfdas.com/IMG/pdf/5_-_firth_c._m._the_archaeological_survey_of_nubia_1909-1910_.pdf